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Chances are you hear the phrase bitcoin mining and your mind begins to wander to the Western fantasy of pickaxes, dirt, and striking it rich. As it turns out, that analogy isnt too far away.

Far less glamorous but equally uncertain, bitcoin mining is done by high-definition computers which solve complex computational science issues (read: so complex that they cannot be solved by hand). The luck and work required by a computer to solve one of these problems is the equivalent of a miner striking gold in the ground while digging in a sandbox.

The end result of bitcoin mining is twofold. To begin with, when computers solve these intricate mathematics problems on the bitcoin network, they produce new bitcoin, not unlike when a mining operation extracts gold from the ground. And second, by solving computational math issues, bitcoin miners make the bitcoin payment network trustworthy and protected, by verifying its transaction information. .

Theres a good chance all that only made so much sense. In order to explain how bitcoin mining functions in detail, lets begin with a procedure thats a tiny bit closer to home: the regulation of printed currency.

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Consumers tend to trust printed currencies, at least in the United States. Feeling because the U.S. dollar is backed with a central bank known as the Federal Reserve. In addition to a bunch of other responsibilities, the Federal Reserve regulates the production of new money and prosecutes the use of counterfeit currency. .

Even electronic payments using the U.S. buck are backed with a central authority. When you make an online order using your debit or charge card, by way of example, that transaction is processed by means of a payment processing company like Mastercard or Visa. In addition to recording your transaction history, these companies affirm that transactions are not fraudulent, and that's one reason your credit or debit card may be suspended while traveling. .

Bitcoin, on the other hand, is not controlled by a central authority. Instead, bitcoin is backed by millions of computers throughout the world known as miners. This network of computers performs the same function as the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, but using a few key differences. Like the Federal Reserve, Visa, and Mastercard, bitcoin miners record transactions and assess their accuracy.

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When someone makes a purchase or sale using bitcoin, we call a transaction. Transactions made in-store and online are documented by banks, point-of-sale methods, and physical receipts. Bitcoin miners achieve the same effect without these institutions by clumping transactions together in blocks and adding them to a public document called the blockchain. .

When bitcoin miners put in a new block of transactions to the blockchain, part of their job is to make sure that those transactions are true. (More on the wonder of the way this happens in a second.) In particular, bitcoin miners be sure that bitcoin are not being duplicated, a unique quirk of electronic currencies called double-spending.

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Once you spend $20 in the store, that invoice is in the clerks handson. With digital currency, nevertheless, it's a different story. .

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Digital information can be reproduced relatively easily, so with bitcoin and other digital currencies, there is a risk that a spender can create backup of their bitcoin and send it to another party whilst holding onto the original. Let us return to printed currency for a moment and say someone attempted to duplicate their $20 bill in order to spend the original and the counterfeit at a grocery shop.

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When the numbers were identical, then the clerk would know the money had been duplicated. This analogy is very similar to what a bitcoin miner does when they confirm new transactions. .

With as many as 600,000 purchases and sales occurring in a single day, nevertheless, verifying every one of these transactions can be a great deal of work for miners, which gets at one other key difference between bitcoin miners and the Federal Reserve, Mastercard, or Visa. As compensation for their efforts, miners are awarded bitcoin whenever they include a new block of transactions to the blockchain.

In 2009, it was 50. In 2013, it had been 25, at the time of writing it is 12.5, and sometime in the middle of 2020 it will halve to 6.25. .

At this speed of halving, the total number of bitcoin in circulation will approach a limit of 21 million, making the currency more scarce and valuable over time but also more these details expensive for miners to produce.

Here's the catch. In order to get bitcoin miners to really earn bitcoin from verifying transactions, two things have to happen. First, they must verify 1 megabyte (MB) value of transactions, which can theoretically be as little as useful content 1 transaction but are far more often a few thousand, depending on how much information each transaction stores.

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